National Data Infrastructure 国家数据基础设施

Tag: National Data Infrastructure 国家数据基础设施

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Graphic saying Using Advanced Data Infrastructure to Support the Construction of Digital China by Liu Liehong

Data Infrastructure as Strategy: Digital China and the Emerging Global Data Order

March 16, 2026

Key One: China has an elite digital triad of national strategies: Cyber Great Power, Digital China, and Smart Society. Together, they drive the country's digital-intelligent transformation into a Modernized Socialist Great Power. Although this website focuses on Digital China, understanding its full scope requires knowing all three.

Key Two: Digital China is both a strategy and a stack. The strategy—an ends, ways, and means framework—explains how the Party generates and employs digital power. The stack—a layered system architecture—shows how that power is built. Together, they provide an integrated model for understanding China’s national digital strategy.

Cyber Great Power—National cyber strategy: Builds sovereign control, technological strength, and strategic advantage across the networked domain.

Digital China—National digital strategy: Builds the infrastructure, data systems, technologies, and applications for China’s digital transformation.

Smart Society—National intelligentization strategy: Extends AI, smart cities, and intelligent governance across society to support socialist modernization.

Digital Triad—Integrated strategic framework: Cyber Great Power, Digital China, and Smart Society converge into a unified system for digital-intelligent national transformation.

Military-Civil Fusion—Dual-use strategy: Whole-of-nation civil and military integration systematizes dual-use ambiguity.

Analysis—My interpretation, argument, or deeper analytical assessment.

Explainer—Foundational guides and structured introductions.

Strategy Milestone—Chronological documents/events marking strategic evolution.

Translation—Primary-source translations, with commentary where appropriate.

Update—Shorter developments, monitoring, notes, and emerging signals.

“The struggle between China and the United States in cyberspace is intensifying. The U.S. policy of containment against China has expanded from physical space to cyberspace, aiming to place China in a passive position. Cyber warfare is no longer a matter of whether we want to fight it or not; it has reached a point where we have no choice but to respond."
Zheng Bijian, Face the Challenge with Comprehensive Planning; Strive to Build a World Class Cyber Great Power in Ten Years, State Council Secretariat Second Bureau, April 3, 2013

“The report of the 19th National Party Congress stated that “the principal contradiction in our society has transformed into the contradiction between the people’s ever-growing need for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development.” This shift in contradictions is a change of global and historical significance, posing new demands on many aspects of our Party and country. Developing Digital China is about responding to these new changes and new demands, using digitalized means to resolve and address social contradictions. Against this backdrop, the central government explicitly put forward the new concept of building a “Smart Society” in the report.”
“The Mission of Digital China: Building a Smart Society,” Informatization of China Construction, August 29, 2018

Digital China Wins the Future

Analyzing the policy, structure, and evolution of China’s national digital strategy

Tag: National Data Infrastructure 国家数据基础设施

Data Infrastructure as Strategy: Digital China and the Emerging Global Data Order