MIIT | Industrial Internet in China's Shipbuilding Industry

The industrial Internet is the infrastructure that supports the digitalized, networkized, and intelligentized development of the shipbuilding industry.
Reference Guide on the Fused Application of the Industrial Internet in the Shipbuilding Industry, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, June 5, 2025

China’s shipbuilding industry has launched a major initiative to digitally transform its entire manufacturing process from ship design to ship delivery, according to a newly released 116-page document from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) titled the Reference Guide on the Fused Application of the Industrial Internet in the Shipbuilding Industry (archived copy). The industrial ecosystem being formed to support the digitalized transformation of China’s shipbuilding industry is not a narrow industrial upgrade. It is a strategic national project supporting both economic competitiveness and defense modernization.

A lightly-edited selection of Google Translate excerpts from the “Reference Guide on the Fused Application of the Industrial Internet in the Shipbuilding Industry” follows below. My summary of the Guide can be found here. My analysis of the Guide looking specifically at the implications for Military-Civil Fusion can be found here.

Reference Guide on the Fused Application of the Industrial Internet in the Shipbuilding Industry (2025) 工业互联网与船舶行业融合应用参考指南 (2025)

Source: Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Information and Communication Management Bureau and Manufacturing Industry No. 2 Bureau | 工业和信息化部信息通信管理局和装备工业二司

Publication date: June 5, 2025

Editorial Note | 编写说明

As the product of the deep fusion of next-generation information technologies and the real economy, the Industrial Internet serves as the core methodology for industrial digitalized transformation. Moreover, it constitutes a strategic infrastructure and a vital driving force for advancing the convergence of the digital and real economies, as well as for fostering New Type Industrialization. The innovative development of the Industrial Internet has significantly bolstered the growth of emerging industries centered on fused technologies; its core sectors have achieved rapid expansion in scale, thereby becoming a new engine for the digitalization of industry. Concurrently, the Industrial Internet exerts a profound influence across every stage of the manufacturing sector’s digitalized transformation. Through model innovation, process reengineering, and service expansion, it reshapes traditional R&D paradigms, production methods, management styles, and organizational structures within manufacturing. This enables digital technologies to empower the real economy across a wider scope, broader fields, and deeper dimensions, accelerating the realization of substantial spillover and multiplier effects, and ultimately fosters new poles of economic growth.

工业互联网作为新一代信息技术和实体经济深度融合的产物，是产业数字化转型的核心方法论，更是推进数实融合与新型工业化的战略性基础设施和重要驱动力。工业互联网的创新发展极大地促进了新兴融合技术产业的发展，核心产业规模实现高速增长，成为了数字产业化的新引擎。与此同时，工业互联网深度作用于制造业数字化转型的全环节，通过模式创新、流程再造、服务延伸等重塑制造业传统的研发范式、生产方式、管理形式和组织形态，让数字技术更大范围、更宽领域、更深层次赋能于实体经济，加速释放更大的外溢效应、乘数效应，打造经济新增长极。

The Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to the development of the Industrial Internet. In recent years, through the concerted efforts of all stakeholders, spanning government, industry, academia, research institutions, and end-users, our country’s Industrial Internet development has gradually established its own conceptual framework, implementation pathways, and tangible achievements. It has forged a distinctive “Chinese Model” characterized by “Central Leadership Setting Strategic Direction, Government Guidance and Planning, Pragmatic Advancement at the Local Level, and Collaborative Industrial Development.” Furthermore, it has formulated a “Chinese Solution” that simultaneously pursues consolidation, upgrading, and innovation, while cultivating “Chinese Brands” such as “5G + Industrial Internet” and “5G Factories.” The New Type Infrastructure System supporting the Industrial Internet continues to be refined and has become deeply fused into 49 major categories of the national economy. In 2024, the scale of its core industry reached 1.53 trillion RMB, injecting powerful momentum into economic and social development.

党中央、国务院高度重视工业互联网发展。近年来，在政产学研用各方的共同努力下，我国工业互联网发展逐渐形成了自己的认识体系、实现路径和实践成果，构建了“中央举旗定向、政府引导规划、地方务实推进、产业联动发展”的中国模式，形成了“巩固、提升、创新”并行推进的中国方案，打造了“5G+工业互联网”、5G 工厂等中国品牌。工业互联网新型基础设施体系不断完善，深度融入49 个国民经济大类，2024 年核心产业规模达到1.53 万亿元，为经济社会发展注入强大动力。

The shipbuilding industry serves as an important industrial foundation for safeguarding national security and upholding maritime rights and interests. With a solid informatized foundation, an urgent need for transformation, and a manageable level of difficulty to implement, it is a key sector for advancing the fused application of the Industrial Internet. In recent years, the shipbuilding industry has continuously advanced its practical implementation of the Industrial Internet, achieving positive results in terms of quality enhancement, efficiency improvement, cost reduction, green development, and operational safety; consequently, exemplary models including digitalized workshops, “5G + Industrial Internet,” and 5G-enabled factories, have emerged in growing numbers. To accelerate the fused innovative application of Industrial Internet with the shipbuilding industry in order to foster industrial transformation, upgrading, and High Quality Development, the Alliance of the Industrial Internet, under the guidance of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) Information and Communication Management Bureau and the Manufacturing Industry No. 2 Bureau, has collaborated with various industry stakeholders to research and compile the Reference Guide for the Fused Application of the Industrial Internet in the Shipbuilding Industry. This Guide aims to provide a reference for requirement scenario identification, application model creation, critical system construction, and organizational implementation methodologies as the Industrial Internet is being fused with the shipbuilding industry.

船舶行业是保障国家安全和维护海洋权益的重要工业基础，信息化基础扎实，转型需求急迫且难度适宜，是促进工业互联网融合应用的重点行业。近年来，船舶行业不断推进工业互联网建设实践，提质、增效、降本、绿色、安全发展取得积极成效，数字化车间、“5G+工业互联网”和5G工厂示范标杆不断涌现。为加快推进工业互联网与船舶行业融合创新应用，促进行业转型升级与高质量发展，在工业和信息化部信息通信管理局和装备工业二司的指导下，工业互联网产业联盟会同产业界各方共同研究编制了《工业互联网与船舶行业融合应用参考指南》，旨在为工业互联网与船舶行业融合过程中的需求场景识别、应用模式打造、关键系统构建和组织实施方法提供参考借鉴。

Currently, the fused application of the Industrial Internet in the shipbuilding industry remains, on the whole, in a developmental stage. Our exploration of implementation paths is still in its initial and preliminary stages. Moving forward, based on practical experience and feedback received from various sectors, and building upon continuous in-depth research, we will revise and publish updated versions of this report in a timely manner.

当前工业互联网与船舶行业融合应用总体还处于发展阶段，我们对实施路径的探索也还是初步和阶段性的，后续我们将根据实践情况和来自各界的反馈意见，在持续深入研究的基础上适时修订和发布新版报告。

Currently, the fusion and application of the Industrial Internet within the shipbuilding industry remain, on the whole, in a developmental stage. Our exploration of implementation paths is still in its initial and preliminary stages. Moving forward, based on practical experience and feedback received from various sectors, and building upon continuous in-depth research, we will revise and publish updated versions of this report in a timely manner.

Table of Contents | 目录

Titles highlighted in blue are translated below.

General Provisions | 总则 (Page1)
1.1. Scope | 适用范围 (Page 1)
1.2. Purpose | 编制目的 ((Page 1)
1.3. Framework | 编制框架 (Page 2)

Requirements for the Fused Application of the Industrial Internet in the Shipbuilding Industry | 工业互联网与船舶行业融合应用需求 (Page 3)
2.1 Current State of Digitalized Transformation in the Shipbuilding Industry | 船舶行业数字化转型现状 (Page 3)
2.2 Requirements for Fused Application | 融合应用需求 (Page 4)

Fused Applications and Models of the Industrial Internet in the Shipbuilding Industry | 工业互联网与船舶行业融合应用模式 (Page 9)
3.1 Fused Application Overview | 融合应用总体视图 (Page 10)
3.2 Fused Application Innovative Scenarios | 融合应用创新场景 (Page 10)

Industrial Internet Construction, Implementation, and Deployment | 工业互联网建设实施部署 (Page 37)
4.1 Framework of Innovative Implementation of Fusion | 融合创新实施架构 (Page 37)
4.2 Construction of Industrial Internet Network Infrastructure | 工业互联网网络设施建设 (Page 39)
4.3 Construction of the Industrial Internet Identification and Resolution System | 工业互联网标识解析体系建设 (Page 44)
4.4 Construction of Industrial Internet Platforms | 工业互联网平台建设 (Page 49)
4.5 Construction of Industrial Internet Security Protection Systems | 工业互联网安全防护体系建设 (Page 57)
4.6 Construction of a Data Governance System | 数据治理体系建设 (Page 62)
4.7 Typical Scenarios for Industrial Internet Construction and Deployment | 典型场景下工业互联网建设部署 (Page 65)

Implementation Process and Resource Guarantees | 实施流程与要素保障 (p.86)
5.1 Basic Principles | 基本原则 (p.86)
5.2 Implementation Process | 实施流程 (p.86)
5.3 Resource Guarantees 要素保障 (p.90)

Appendix 1. Typical Scenarios and Solution Case Studies | 附件1 典型场景及解决方案案例 (p.92)

Appendix 2.Explanation of Technical Terms | 附件2 专业术语解释 (p.108)

Contributing Units | 编写单位 (p.116)

1. General Provisions | 总则

1.1. Scope | 适用范围

The shipbuilding industry refers to the “Manufacture of Ships and Related Equipment” [National Economic Industry Classification (GB/T4754—2017), Industry Code 373], encompassing the manufacture of metal vessels, non-metal vessels, recreational and sports vessels, marine auxiliary equipment, as well as ship modification, ship dismantling, the manufacture of offshore engineering equipment, and the manufacture of navigational aids and other related devices. From the perspective of the industrial chain, the upstream of the shipbuilding industry consists of various raw materials and supporting equipment, primarily including steel, non-ferrous metals, composite materials, propulsion systems, and electrical equipment. The midstream encompasses the actual manufacturing of vessels, while the downstream comprises application sectors, such as shipping, national defense and military industries, and marine resource development, as well as vessel-related service segments, including leasing and maintenance. Among these, shipbuilding constitutes the core link; centered around shipbuilding, the maritime industry has established a complex and multifaceted industry chain. This Guide primarily focuses on the midstream segment of shipbuilding. It is applicable both to large-scale shipbuilding enterprises with a robust foundation in automation and digitalization, and to small and medium-sized enterprises with a weaker digitalized foundation but a need for further transformation and upgrading.

船舶制造业是指“船舶及相关装置制造”【国民经济行业分类（GB/T4754—2017）行业代码373】，包括金属船舶制造、非金属船舶制造、娱乐船和运动船制造、船用配套设备制造、船舶改装、船舶拆除、海洋工程装备制造、航标器材及其他相关装置制造。从产业链角度看，船舶行业上游是各类原材料及配套设备，主要包括钢材、有色金属、复合材料、动力装置、电力设备等；中游是船舶制造；下游为航运、国防军工、海洋资源开发等船舶应用领域及租赁、维修等船舶服务环节。其中，船舶制造是核心环节，围绕船舶制造，船舶行业形成复杂多元的行业链条。本指南主要聚焦中游船
舶制造环节，既适用于具有良好自动化、信息化基础的大型船舶制造企业，也适用于数字化基础较弱，但有进一步改造提升需求的

1.2. Purpose | 编制目的

近年来，基于国内外发展形势和自身转型升级需求，我国船舶行业不断推进工业互联网建设与实践，打造了一批数字化车间、智能工厂和“5G+工业互联网”示范项目，提质、降本、增效、绿色发展成效初显。但同时也应看到，目前工业互联网在船舶行业的应用仍以点状探索为主，行业整体应用赋能效果不明显。基于此，指南深入分析船舶行业数字化转型需求，梳理形成工业互联网赋能船舶行业数字化转型典型场景，指出应建设的数字化能力，同时充分结合工业互联网体系架构设计方法，总结提炼国内外先进经验，形成一套工业互联网与船舶行业融合应用方法论，为船舶企业转型提
供有益参考，促进我国船舶行业迈向高端化、智能化、绿色化。

In recent years, driven by domestic and international development trends as well as its own imperative for transformation and upgrading, our country’s shipbuilding industry has continuously advanced the construction and implementation of the Industrial Internet. By establishing a series of digitalized workshops, smart factories, and “5G + Industrial Internet” demonstration projects, the industry has begun to yield tangible results in terms of quality improvement, cost reduction, efficiency gains, and green development. However, it must also be acknowledged that the current application of the Industrial Internet within the shipbuilding industry remains predominantly characterized by isolated, exploratory initiatives; consequently, its overall empowering effect on the sector as a whole is not yet evident. Based on this premise, this Guide conducts an in-depth analysis of the digitalized transformation requirements within the shipbuilding industry. It identifies and categorizes typical scenarios in which the Industrial Internet empowers this transformation, while also delineating the specific digitalized capabilities that need to be established. Furthermore, by fully integrating Industrial Internet architectural design methodologies and distilling advanced practices from both domestic and international contexts, this Guide formulates a comprehensive methodology for the fused application of the Industrial Internet within the shipbuilding sector. This framework serves as a valuable reference for shipbuilding enterprises undergoing transformation, thereby facilitating the advancement of our country’s shipbuilding industry toward high-end, intelligentized, and green development.

1.3. Framework | 编制框架

The Reference Guide is divided into five parts. Part 1 consists of General Provisions, clarifying the scope of application, Purpose of compilation, and structural Framework of the guidelines. Part 2 begins by examining the current status and challenges of digitalized transformation within the shipbuilding industry, and proceeds to outline the requirements for the fused application of the industry with the Industrial Internet. Part 3 addresses the digitalized transformation requirements of the shipbuilding industry and the enablement models of the Industrial Internet, identifying and formulating typical application scenarios in which the Industrial Internet empowers the industry’s digitalized transformation. Part 4 outlines the digitalized capabilities that must be established to meet identified requirements, thereby deriving the overall architecture and scope of work for Industrial Internet implementation. Furthermore, it provides an in-depth analysis of the deployment and implementation pathways for Industrial Internet networks, identification systems, platforms, security, and data, while offering key implementation guidelines tailored to specific scenarios. Part 5 summarizes the methodological steps for shipbuilding enterprises to leverage the Industrial Internet in driving their digitalized transformation. Finally, focusing on typical scenarios where the Industrial Internet empowers the digital transformation of the shipbuilding industry, the study compiles a collection of representative solution case studies to serve as a reference for enterprises advancing their Industrial Internet initiatives.

指南共分为五个部分。第一部分为总则，明确指南适用范围、编制目的与结构框架。第二部分从船舶行业数字化转型现状与面临挑战出发，描述船舶行业与工业互联网融合应用需求。第三部分面向船舶行业数字化转型需求和工业互联网赋能模式，研究形成工业互联网赋能船舶行业数字化转型典型应用场景。第四部分说明为满足需求应建设的数字化能力，由此导出工业互联网实施总体架构与建设内容，同时深入剖析工业互联网网络、标识、平台、安全和数据等部署实施路径，并结合具体场景给出建设实施要点。第五部分总结船舶企业应用工业互联网开展数字化转型的方法步骤。最后
围绕工业互联网赋能船舶行业数字化转型典型场景，梳理形成典型解决方案案例，为企业推动工业互联网建设提供参考。

2. Requirements for the Fused Application of the Industrial Internet in the Shipbuilding Industry | 工业互联网与船舶行业融合应用需求

2.1 Current State of Digitalized Transformation in the Shipbuilding Industry | 船舶行业数字化转型现状

In recent years, in response to domestic and international developments and the need for its own transformation and upgrading, China’s shipbuilding industry has, building on the continuous improvement of its core infrastructure, actively explored the application of digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, virtual simulation, the Industrial Internet, 5G, and digital twins, and has achieved some success. First, leveraging automation and intelligent technologies, a range of smart equipment has been deployed, and production lines for intelligent blanking, cutting, and welding have been established. Significant progress and numerous successful case studies have already been achieved in areas such as the intelligent grinding of free edges on hull components, the intelligent blanking and sorting of hull parts, and the intelligent welding of medium and small sub-assemblies. Second, leveraging technologies such as information sensing, the Internet of Things (IoT), and data fusion, we have conducted research into intelligent workshop sensing, workshop networking, the transmission of massive data based on 3D models, and the fusion of massive heterogeneous data. This has enabled the construction of an interconnected foundational workshop platform, facilitating the seamless interconnection of data encompassing 3D workshop models, process documentation, and planning and control systems. At key shipyards, pilot 5G applications were implemented leveraging fused 5G networks to facilitate the interconnection of critical equipment, online quality and precision inspection, the real-time tracking of intermediate products, and 5G+AR-assisted assembly scenarios. These initiatives significantly boosted the network connectivity rates of cutting machines and welders within the block fabrication workshops, while the deployment of smart storage cabinets vastly improved warehouse utilization and the efficiency of inbound and outbound logistics. Third, leveraging virtual simulation technology, pilot applications have been successfully implemented in areas such as digitalized design and modeling, production process and logistics simulation, simulation of CNC process equipment, and the distribution of 3D models to workstations to guide operations. The majority of key shipyards possess 3D modeling capabilities and have established dedicated 3D modeling centers, achieving tangible results in areas such as standardized component libraries. Fourth, leveraging big data technologies, applications are being implemented in areas such as the collaborative optimization of intelligent ship dispatching and control; the analysis and intelligent optimization of shipbuilding block logistics models; and intelligent energy management and control based on historical energy consumption data. This initiative aims to facilitate the gradual advancement of big data technologies within the shipbuilding industry, thereby enhancing shipyards’ capabilities and standards in scientific decision-making, and boosting overall corporate competitiveness. Fifth, leveraging information software technologies, leading shipyards have begun constructing comprehensive lifecycle production management systems that seamlessly integrate critical stages such as design, procurement, and production. By coupling these systems with applications for on-site manufacturing execution, energy management, asset management, and facial recognition access control, they are endeavoring to establish digitalized factories that combine both software and hardware components.

近年来，基于国内外发展形势和自身转型升级需求，我国船舶行业在核心基础设施不断提升的基础上，积极探索人工智能、大数据、虚拟仿真、工业互联网、5G、数字孪生等数字技术的应用，并取得一定成效。一是基于自动化及智能化技术部署了一批智能装备，建设了智能下料、切割、焊接等生产线，在船体零件自由边智能打磨、船体零件智能下料理料、中小组立智能焊接等装备方面已有较多案例。二是基于信息感知、物联网、数据融合等技术，开展了车间智能感知、车间组网、基于三维模型的海量数据传输、海量异构数据融合等技术研究，构建了互联互通的车间基础平台，实现了车间三维模型、工艺文件、计划管控等数据的互联互通; 在骨干船厂开展了基于5G 融合网络的关键设备互联、质量精度在线检测、中间产品状态跟踪、5G+AR 辅助装配场景的5G 试点应用，大幅提升了分段车间切割机、焊机联网率，并通过智能货柜的建设，极大提升了仓库的利用率和进出库效率。三是基于虚拟仿真技术，完成了数字化设计与建模、生产流程与物流仿真、数控工艺装备仿真、三维模型下发至工位指导作业等方面的试点应用。骨干船厂多数具备3D 建模能力，并实现了3D 模型中心的建设，在标准部件库等方面已有成效。四是基于大数据技术，在船舶智能派工管控协同优化、造船分段物流模式分析和智能优化、基于能耗历史数据的智能能源管控等方面开展应用，促进大数据技术在船舶行业领域的逐步推进，提升船厂科学决策能力与水平，提升企业竞争力。五是基于信息软件技术，骨干船厂已开始建设打通设计、采购、生产等关键环节的全生命周期生产管理系统，搭配现场生产执行、能源管理、资产管理、人脸识别门禁等系统的应用，尝试建立软硬结合的数字化工厂。

3. Fused Applications and Models for the Industrial Internet in the Shipbuilding Industry | 工业互联网与船舶行业融合应用模式

3.1 Overall View of Fused Applications | 融合应用总体视图

Addressing the digital transformation requirements of the shipbuilding industry and aiming to leverage digital empowerment to enhance quality, reduce costs, and boost efficiency, we are advancing the fused development of the Industrial Internet and the shipbuilding industry, grounded in lean principles and centered on the core themes of digitalized, networkized, and intelligentized shipbuilding.

面向船舶行业数字化转型需求，以数字赋能推动提质降本增效为目标，以精益理念为基础，以数字化、网络化、智能化造船为主线，推进工业互联网与船舶行业融合发展。

By formulating the “155N” fused application development strategy for the Industrial Internet and the shipbuilding industry, specifically by centering on “1” overarching objective, solidifying “5” foundational pillars, strengthening “5” key safeguards, and generating “N” diverse application scenarios, the strategy aims to comprehensively enhance digitalization across all aspects of shipbuilding including design, production, and management; promote High Quality Development; and build a modernized shipbuilding system with world-leading digital capabilities.

通过构建“155N”的工业互联网与船舶行业融合应用发展战略，即围绕“1”个目标，夯实“5”个基础，加强“5”项保障，形成“N”个应用场景，全面提升船舶行业设计、生产、管理等各个环节的数字化水平，促进船舶行业高质量发展，打
造数字化水平世界领先的现代化船舶制造体系。

Source: “Diagram 3-1: Overall View of the Fused Application of the Industrial Internet in the Shipbuilding Industry,” in Reference Guide on the Fused Application of the Industrial Internet in the Shipbuilding Industry (工业互联网与船舶行业融合应用参考指南), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, June 5, 2025, Page 9 [Translated]

“One” Goal: Promote the development of an efficient, safe, and green modernized shipbuilding system by leveraging massive data collection, aggregation, analysis, and mining. Fully harness the value of big data resources, unlock the full potential of data as a key factor of production, and build intelligent, data-driven capabilities for analysis and decision optimization that empower every aspect of a modernized shipbuilding system.

“1”个目标：以推动建设高效、安全、绿色的现代化船舶制造体系为目标，通过海量数据采集、汇聚、分析、挖掘等，充分发挥大数据资源效益，全面激发数据要素价值，构建数据驱动的智能分析与决策优化能力，为建设现代化船舶制造体系全方位赋能。

“Five” Foundations: Build the basic capabilities of the Industrial Internet around data, networks, identifiers, platforms, and safety, and provide integrated service capability and support for the digitalized development of the shipbuilding industry.

“5”个基础：围绕数据、网络、标识、平台、安全构建工业互联网基础能力，为船舶行业数字化发展提供一体化服务能力支撑。

“Five” Safeguards: Build organizational, institutional, financial, talent and cultural safeguard systems to comprehensively guarantee the orderly and efficient advancement of the digital transformation of the shipbuilding industry.

“5”项保障：构建组织、制度、资金、人才和文化保障体系，全方位保障船舶行业数字化转型有序、高效推进。

“N” (i.e. unlimited) Large Application Scenarios: Create various intelligentized fused application scenarios in key links such as ship research and development, production, and management. Accelerate model innovation, and draw ultimate value from the Industrial Internet empowering the digital transformation of the shipbuilding industry.

“N”大应用场景：在船舶研发、生产、管理等关键环节打造各类智能化融合应用场景，加速模式业态创新，形成工业互联网赋能船舶行业数字化转型的最终价值。

3.2 Fused Application Innovated Scenarios | 融合应用创新场景 (Page 10)

By empowering the shipbuilding industry, the Industrial Internet has facilitated the emergence of seven major application models: platform-based design, intelligent manufacturing, networked collaboration, service extension, digital management, visualized governance, and refined investment and financing. These application models cover 31 application scenarios and give rise to an initial set of 86 specific applications.

工业互联网赋能船舶行业形成平台化设计、智能化制造、网络化协同、服务化延伸、数字化管理、可视化治理及精细化投融七大应用模式，覆盖31 个应用场景，初步形成86 个具体应用。